How our mouth interacts with our body - the link between oral and general health

At the turn of the 20th century, doctors observed that removing rotten teeth sometimes cured mysterious fevers — an early clue that infections in the mouth can affect the whole body. Modern medical science now explains how oral disease and inflammation can influence general health, from nutrition to chronic conditions.

The link between oral and physical health

Most of us get our nutrition through the mouth, and poor oral health can change both how much we eat and what we choose to eat. People with fewer functioning teeth often choose softer foods that are lower in protein, increasing the risk of sarcopenia — the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength — especially in older adults. A Singapore study estimates the prevalence of sarcopenia among community‑dwelling older adults to be about 13.6%–25%.

Oral disease is also linked to other health problems. People with diabetes are more likely to develop gum disease (periodontitis), and treating periodontal disease can help improve glucose control. Periodontal disease has been associated with higher risks of preterm birth and low birth weight, and researchers continue to investigate the many ways oral health can influence physical well‑being.

How we feel about our mouth affects our confidence

How we feel about our mouths affects how we relate to others. Humans need connection, and people who feel embarrassed about their teeth often become more self‑conscious and withdraw from social interaction. You don’t need a Hollywood smile to be confident — for most people, consistent oral hygiene and simple restorative treatment to close obvious gaps in front teeth are enough to convey a healthy, approachable smile.

A multidisciplinary approach

As awareness grows of the links between medicine and dentistry, doctors and dentists are working more closely together. Common referrals I receive from general practitioners include dental clearance before starting anti‑resorptive therapy for osteoporosis, pre‑operative dental checks before major surgery or cancer treatment, and denture refitting for patients with poor oral intake. I also encourage my patients, especially older adults, to attend regular medical checkups and remain physically active.

Dentists are oral‑health experts, but we are also part of the wider healthcare team caring for the whole person. If you haven’t seen a dentist for a while, consider making an appointment with a trusted provider — a healthy mouth supports a healthier life.